இலங்கை வரலாற்றில் மன்னன் இரண்டாம் கஜபாகுவின் வகிபாகம்

The role of King Gajabhu II in the History of Sri Lanka

Abstract

Pali literary sources accord limited attention to certain rulers compared to the prominence given, particularly Parakramabahu I. Despite the availability of substantial epigraphic evidence relating to Gajabahu II, Pali chronicles provide only selective and limited accounts of his reign. This study employs a historical methodology to reassess the political, administrative, and religious significance of Gajabahu II and his contribution to medieval Sri Lankan history. The study reveals that Gajabahu II established a structured administrative system through the appointment of military commanders, financial administrators, and civil administrators to strengthen internal security and centralise economic resources. His army included a significant number of Velakarar and Agampati soldiers of Tamil origin, reflecting the multi-ethnic composition of the kingdom. Pali texts such as the Culavamsa, composed to legitimise the rule of Parakramabahu I, appear to have downplayed Gajapahu's political role. In contrast, epigraphic evidence, particularly the Sangamuwa Inscription, highlights his efforts to maintain political stability through diplomatic agreements and balanced power-sharing. A defining feature of his reign was a pragmatic and inclusive religious policy. While supporting Theravada Buddhism and the Buddhist Sangha, he also patronised Hindu institutions, including the Koneswaram Temple. This pluralistic approach may be the reason for his lack of importance in Pali literature. Overall, Gajabahu II’s reign significantly contributed to political consolidation, administrative development, and religious coexistence, laying the foundation for the later unification under Parakramabahu I.